DEVELOPING YOUR PERSONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP Term Paper

DEVELOPING YOUR PERSONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP - Term Paper Example A leader’s success is measured by how positively or negatively he or she has impacted on the lives of the subjects (Chemers, p. 67). I have admired the leadership styles of many leaders, past and present, but the main leadership influence in my life is George Washington. Though I cannot exactly emulate Washington’s personal and leadership character traits, his type of leadership will be the template upon which my leadership skills and abilities will be honed. In fact, it is these leadership traits that made George Washington the first president of the United States of America. George Washington, was born as the first child, on 22nd February 1732, to Augustine Washington and Mary Ball Washington. Despite losing his father and many other siblings at an early age, his innate leadership skills were evident when he took over the management of his father’s estates and generally ran his family matters (Cornwell, p. 146). Washington’s leadership prowess was tested several times as he rose through various ranks in the independence wars. He served diligently in the American Revolution (1775-1783). As the commander-in-chief, he strategized the whole war, with the approval of the congress. He was also charged with recruiting, organizing and training the army. In a nutshell; he is credited with the victory of the American Revolution. Even after independence he went ahead to become the first president of the United States of America and undertook a supervisory role in the drafting of its very first constitution and in the laying of the many norms upon which the modern government of the US is based (Cornwell, p. 342). Looking at his life, especially his accomplishments, one cannot miss the personal attributes that a good leader should possess. First among these virtues is courage. Leaders must be courageous in all they do. Second, George Washington displayed humility despite all the power and influence he had. He was also a visionary. In addition t o these, he was hardworking, diligent and focused. Above all, he was a God fearing and prayerful family man. These are the virtues I admire in a leader. These are the values I take from George Washington. Coming from a modest background, my dream in life is to get to a position where I can help the less fortunate in society, a position of leadership where I can positively impact the lives of my countrymen. I yearn to change my country for the better of the future generations. As I pursue this dream, the values I want to hold close to my heart are hard work and humility. I will always work hard and be humble in the process, all the while thanking God for the achievements that come my way. The main assumption if given a leadership position is that all my subordinates will rally behind me in striving to achieve personal and organizational growth and other objectives. I believe leadership is divine, and the people normally place their hopes in the leader that all their problems will be solved. Thus, as a leader, I will always try not to betray the trust of my subordinates for the sake of personal selfish gains. Finally, my expectation of the world is that it becomes a safer home for all humanity with equal rights, opportunities, and freedom for everybody as far as the pursuance of happiness is concerned. These are my aspirations as a leader. Given a chance to serve

H&M Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

H&M Marketing - Case Study Example Fashion adopted by H&M is usually the one which is the ongoing trend in the society. It can be clearly seen through the massive budget allocated to the marketing sector that H&M is heavily dependent on the marketing campaign that they undergo. 4% of the revenues of H&M are allocated to the marketing campaign. Furthermore, in 2002 a top fashion legend was selected by the H&M to promote its products through marketing. The economical spending of the H&M management does not stand the marketing campaign as the management itself decides to spend a heavy amount on marketing campaigns. This shows that H&M is to a great extent marketing orientated and is heavily dependent on these approaches. Ans2. The efficiency/effectiveness matrix is a tool used by businesses to categorize companies according to their success in strategies and implementation. H&M can be categorized into the 'Thrive' cell of the effective/efficient matrix. The 'Thrive' cell in the matrix usually denotes organizations which are successful in forming and implementing strategies. Similarly H&M shows a sign that it belongs to one of these organizations because of its rapid growth and success. The strategy pursued by them is of the kind which adopts recent approaches to meet the demands of the society. The rapid growth which the company is going through shows a sign of the company thriving in the business sector. It has expanded from a small outlet to 900 garment shops all over the world. And it is known to top the list in terms of expansion with its other competitors. The effectiveness of H&M can be seen in the implementation of the strategies and the efficiency of this effectiveness is also great. Strateg ies pursued by H&M are different from their other competitors and most of the emphasis in these strategies is on pricing, marketing and fashion designing. H&M has incurred great profits in the years and thus best suits in the category of 'thrive'. Ans3. Customer value forms an important aspect of the strategies formed in the business world today. Firms give importance to this very aspect when forming strategies to give the customers a product or service which they desire with a better deal. H&M is known to provide customers with a better deal as required by the customer value. Customers of H&M are highly satisfied with the products they are getting as these products are according to their needs. Not only the desires are being met but also the price at which these desires are being met is exceptional. The designing section of H&M is known to be travelling through out the world to pick up the recent trends in fashion and implement them in their fashion industry. Pricing is marked as an important criterion in the firm as it helps to attract customers towards it. Prices of the H&M products are known to be very low comparatively with other brands. Their motto is a clear sign on their stand on pricing strategies according to the new fashion trends. H&M also makes sure that new trends in fashion are quickly picked up by their designers and provided to the customers. A particular design in the H&M outlets would not be seen for a longer time as it would be removed with the newer fashion designs. Furthermore the same design if provided by other brands would be comparatively higher in price so the customer value is highly considered by the management of H&M. The cheap prices and the latest apparel in

Symptoms causes and possible solutions of Dementia

Symptoms causes and possible solutions of Dementia Introduction (source, NHS) Dementia is a syndrome (a group of related symptoms) that is associated with an ongoing decline  of the brain and its  abilities. These include: thinking, language, memory,  Ã‚   understanding, and judgement. People with dementia may also have problems controlling their emotions or  behaving appropriately in social situations. Aspects of their personality may change. Most cases of dementia are caused by damage to the structure of the brain. How common is dementia? Dementia is a common condition. In  England alone, there are currently 570,000 people living with dementia. That number is expected to double over the next 30 years. Usually dementia occurs in people who are 65  or over. The older you get, the more likely you are to develop it. It is estimated that dementia occurs in: 1.4% of men and 1.5% of women aged between 65 and 69, 3.1% of men and 2.2% of women aged between 70 and 74, 5.6% of men and 7.1% of women aged between 75 and 79, 10.2 % of men and 14.1% of women aged between 80 and 84, and 19.6% of men and 27.5% of women aged 85 or over. Types of dementia Listed below are the different types of dementia. Alzheimers disease, where small clumps of protein, known as plaques, begin to develop around brain cells. This disrupts the normal workings of the brain. Vascular dementia, where problems with blood circulation result in parts of the brain not receiving enough blood and oxygen. Dementia with Lewy bodies, where abnormal structures, known as Lewy bodies, develop inside the brain. Frontotemporal dementia, where the frontal and temporal lobes (two parts of the brain) begin to shrink. Unlike other types of dementia, frontotemporal dementia usually develops in people who are under 65. It is much rarer than other types of dementia. This  section focuses on vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. See Useful links for more information about Alzheimers disease. Outlook In clinical terms, the outlook for dementia is not good. In most cases, there is no cure  and symptoms will get worse over time. However, even if a persons dementia cannot be cured, there are a number of effective treatments that can help them to cope better with their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Symtoms Vascular dementia The symptoms of vascular dementia can develop suddenly and quickly  worsen.  Or they can develop gradually over  many months. Symptoms  include: increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require concentration and planning, memory loss, depression, changes in personality and mood, periods of mental confusion, low attention span, urinary incontinence, stroke-like symptoms, such as muscle weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, wandering during the night, and slow and unsteady gait (the way that you walk). Symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies The symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies usually develop gradually  but get  more severe over the course of many years. The symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies include: memory loss, low attention span, periods of mental confusion, delusions (believing in things that are not true), difficulty planning ahead, muscle stiffness, slower movement, shaking and trembling of arms and legs, shuffling while walking, problems sleeping,   loss of facial expression, and visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not  there). Usually people will see other people or animals that are not real. Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia is caused by damage to the parts of the brain that help control emotional responses and behaviour. Therefore, many of the initial symptoms of frontotemporal dementia involve changes in emotion, personality and behaviour. Someone with frontotemporal dementia may  become less sensitive to other peoples emotions. This can make them  seem cold and unfeeling. They may also lose some of their inhibitions. This could lead to strange behaviour, such as  making sexually suggestive gestures in a public place, being rude to others or making tactless comments. Other symptoms of frontotemporal dementia include: aggression, compulsive behaviour, being easily distracted, an increasing lack of interest in washing themselves, and personality changes. A  person who was previously withdrawn may become very outgoing, or vice versa. Some people with frontotemporal dementia also  have problems with language. Symptoms affecting language include: speaking far less than usual, or not speaking at all, having problems finding the right words to express themselves, and using many words to describe something simple. For example, saying a metal and wooden tool used for digging instead of a spade Causes of dementia   Vascular dementia Vascular dementia is caused when there is an interruption to the blood supply to the brain. Like all organs, in order to  work properly the brain needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients that is provided by the blood. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die, resulting in brain damage. The blood supply to the brain can become blocked during a stroke where either: a blood clot blocks the supply of blood to the brain, known as an ischaemic stroke, or a blood vessel becomes weakened and then splits. This is known as a haemorrhagic stroke. Sometimes, less severe blockages to the brain do not result in a stroke, but they can damage the brain to a lesser extent. This is known as a silent brain infarction. Not everyone who has had a stroke or a silent brain infarction will go on to  get vascular dementia. But  it always remains a possibility, particularly in people who have multiple strokes or silent brain infarctions. Vascular dementia can also develop if the vessels inside the brain narrow and harden. Narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels is known as arteriosclerosis. Know risk factors for arteriosclerosis include: diabetes, obesity, smoking, drinking  too much  alcohol, lack of exercise, and eating a high-fat diet Dementia with Lewy bodies Lewy bodies are small, circular  lumps of protein that develop inside the brain. It is not known what causes  them. It is also unclear how  they damage the brain and cause dementia. One theory is that they block the effects of two neurotransmitters called dopamine and acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters are messenger chemicals that send information from one brain cell to another. Both dopamine and acetylcholine are thought to play an important role in helping to regulate many important mental functions, such as memory, learning, mood and attention. Therefore, by blocking their effects, Lewy bodies may trigger dementia. Frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia is caused by two parts of the brain (the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe) becoming increasingly damaged and then shrinking. In an estimated 40 to 50% of cases, people who develop frontotemporal dementia have inherited a genetic mutation (an altered gene) from their parents. These genetic mutations are thought to  have a negative effect on a protein known as the tau protein. All brain cells contain tau proteins. They help to keep the brain cells stable. However, if tau proteins stop working properly, they can damage brain cells. If  no genetic mutation  is found, the causes of frontotemporal dementia  remain unknown. Less common causes of dementia Dementia or dementia-like symptoms can have a number of less common causes, some of which are treatable. These include: repeated  injury to the head, infections of the brain, such as meningitis or encephalitis, Huntingtons disease, a rare genetic condition that causes progressive brain damage, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rare and fatal condition that causes damage to the brain and nervous system, an overactive or underactive thyroid gland, dehydration, lack of  vitamin B in the diet, poisoning,  for example from lead or pesticides,   having a brain tumour, and certain lung and heart conditions that interrupt the supply of blood and oxygen to the brain. Diagnosing dementia   Confirming a diagnosis of dementia can be difficult, particularly when the condition is in its early stages. This is because many of the symptoms of dementia can be caused by other  conditions. In order  for dementia to be  diagnosed correctly, you should  have a number of different tests and assessments including: A  review of your medical history. A  full assessment of your mental abilities.   A range of  tests,  including blood tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms, such as a vitamin B deficiency. Imaging scans, such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which can provide information about the physical state and structure of your brain. A  review of any medication you may be taking, in case these are contributing to your symptoms. Some of these tests can be carried out by your GP. Others will be carried out by other specialists, such as a neurologist (an expert in treating conditions that affect the brain and nervous system) or a psychiatrist with experience in treating dementia. Assessing your mental abilities There are some questionnaires that can be used to help  test your mental abilities and how severe your symptoms are. One widely used questionnaire is the  Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The MMSE can be used to assess a number of different mental abilities including: short- and long-term memory, attention span, concentration, language and communication skills, ability to plan, and ability to understand instructions. The MMSE is a series of questions, each carrying a score that can give a maximum result of 30 points. Example questions include: memorising a short list of objects and then repeat the list back, writing a short sentence that is grammatically correct, such as the dog sat on the floor, and correctly indentifying the current day of the week, followed by the date, the month, the season and the year. While the MMSE cannot diagnosis dementia by itself, it is  useful for assessing the level of mental impairment that a person with dementia may have. A  score of 25 or above is considered normal. A  score of 18 to 24 indicates mild to moderate impairment. A  score of 17 or below indicates serious impairment. Ruling out other conditions There are  further tests that can be used to rule out other conditions that may be responsible for the patients symptoms. These tests are outlined below. A full blood count A full blood count can be used to assess your general health and check for a range of disorders, including anaemia and infection. A blood sample will usually be taken from a vein in your arm using a needle and syringe. The test will also check for other illnesses. Blood glucose test A blood glucose test can be used to determine whether your blood glucose level is normal, and can also determine whether you have diabetes. A blood sample is taken to rule out whether your symptoms might be caused by undiagnosed diabetes. Urine analysis Urine analysis is used to diagnose diabetes or problems with your kidneys. During the test, you will be asked to pass a small sample of urine into a sterile container. Measurement of thyroid hormones A measurement of your thyroid hormones may be taken in order to screen for thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).   Measurement of vitamin B12 levels You may also have a test to check  whether your symptoms are caused by a lack of vitamin B12. However, if  you do  have a B12 deficiency, it is still possible that you may also have dementia. Imaging scans Imaging scans can check if there are any underlying problems with your brain, such as a brain tumour, that could  help explain  your symptoms. Imaging scans can also identify changes in the appearance of the brain that may indicate dementia. Several types of imaging scans can be used in the diagnosis of dementia. These are described below. Magnetic resonance imaging A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is the best way to rule out other brain problems, and to help diagnose the type of dementia. MRI scans help doctors determine whether: there is any shrinkage to the outer layer of the brain, there is any evidence of changes to the blood vessels, or there are any blood clots that might have resulted in vascular dementia. The test will also show whether other conditions, such as a brain tumour, are causing your symptoms. Computerised topography A computerised topography (CT) scan can be used as an alternative to a MRI scan. A CT scan takes a series of X-ray images of your brain. The images are fed into a computer to build up a detailed  3D image of the inside of your brain. Single photon-emission computed tomography A single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan may be recommended if doctors are unsure whether you have Alzheimers disease, frontotemporal dementia or vascular dementia. A SPECT scan is similar to a CT scan, but the scanner used for a SPECT scan is able to take moving pictures of the blood flow in your brain. The results show if the blood flow in your brain is abnormal, which can often be used to help diagnose the type of dementia. Treating dementia   Your care plan If you are diagnosed with dementia, your future health and social care needs will be assessed and a care plan will be drawn up. A care plan is a way of ensuring that you receive the right treatment for your needs. Examples of questions that could  come up  while drawing up your care plan are listed below. Do  you have a family member or friend willing to act as a carer? What support do you or your carer need for you  to remain as independent as possible? Are there  any changes that need to be made to your  home to make it easier to live in? Would you benefit from physical and occupational therapy? Do  you need additional treatment and advice to help you cope with symptoms of incontinence? Might you require residential care at some point in the future? It is important to remember that this is your care plan. You should ask as many questions as you want and make sure that your wishes are known. Patient consent and advanced directive Patient consent means that you have to give express permission before any medical treatment can be carried out on you. Consent is needed for all  treatments, whether its a simple blood test or an organ donation. The only  time when treatment can go ahead without your  permission is if you  are unable to  make a decision on your own, and the  doctors responsible for your care believe that treatment is in your best interests. There may be a time in the future when your symptoms mean that you  are no longer able  to give consent. Therefore, you may wish to draw up an advanced directive after first receiving a diagnosis of dementia.   An advanced directive  makes your treatment preferences known now, in case you are not able to do this later. Subjects  covered by  an advanced directive can include: what treatment you would consider having and in what circumstances, what types of treatment you would never wish to have, no matter what the circumstances, what type of end-of-life care you would wish to have, for example, whether you would want to be resuscitated by artificial means, such as having a breathing tube inserted into your neck if you  have lung failure, and whether you would be willing to donate organs after your death. You cannot request anything illegal in your advanced directive, such as assisted suicide. Your care team will be able to provide you with more information and advice about advanced directives. You may wish to appoint a friend or family member to take care of your financial and legal affairs. This is known as granting power of attorney. See  Useful links  for information and advice about granting power of attorney. Psychological treatments There are a number of different psychological treatments that can be used to help you cope  with the symptoms of dementia and slow down the  symptoms. These  are described  below. Cognitive stimulation Cognitive stimulation involves taking part in activities and exercises that are designed to improve your memory, problem-solving skills and language ability. It  is provided by a trained carer, and usually consists of two 45-minute sessions a week. During these, you will be involved in discussions about a variety of topics, as well as taking part in word and memory games, and other activities, such as trying to identify pictures of famous people. Behavioural therapy Behavioural therapy is used to help treat many of the behavioural problems that are associated with dementia, such as depression, aggression and delusional thinking. Behavioural therapy is usually provided by a carer, who can be a trained friend, relative or an employed carer. It is  supervised by  a health professional. Behavioural therapy uses a problem-solving approach where possible motivations and reasons for troublesome behaviour are identified. Different strategies are adopted to try to change that behaviour. For example, a person with dementia may have a history of wandering out of their home or care centre because they feel restless. Therefore, a strategy that involves encouraging them to take part in regular physical exercise may  lessen their restlessness.   Reality orientation therapy Reality orientation therapy is a type of therapy  that reduces  feelings of mental disorientation, memory loss and confusion, while improving feelings of self-esteem. Reality orientation therapy may involve group work in a classroom, in which a board prominently displays information such as: the current day and date, the location of the classroom, and the names of the people in the group. The group members repeat  a series of tasks that are designed to  give mental stimulation. These tasks also  reinforce information regarding the time, the place  and the people involved in the group. Multisensory stimulation Multisensory stimulation is a way of stimulating the brain  using different elements. These include  lighting, relaxing music and sounds, massage cushions, aromatherapy (scents) and different touch sensations. By stimulating different areas of the brain, multisensory stimulation aims to lessen feelings of confusion and restlessness, and  improve mood and language skills. However,  this treatment is not suitable  for everyone with dementia, as some people find the effects of stimulation upsetting and unpleasant. Exercise therapy Exercise therapy consists of either general fitness training or a structured fitness programme. It is designed to improve a persons physical mobility, as well as benefiting mental function and mood. Medicines Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AIs) are widely used to treat Alzheimers disease. They are not usually recommended for other forms of dementia because the evidence for their effectiveness is limited and, in some cases, may make symptoms worse. One exception is for people living with dementia with Lewy bodies that have behavioural problems, such as delusions or hallucinations,  which are causing them significant distress or leading to challenging behaviour. AIs  work by preventing the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as low levels of acetylcholine have been linked to behavioural problems. Side effects include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle cramps, fatigue, loss of appetite, agitation, aggressive behaviour, dizziness and fainting, insomnia, and urinary incontinence. Antipsychotics Antipsychotics are medicines that can be used to treat challenging and disruptive behaviour, such as aggression or agitation. However, antipsychotics are not usually recommended for the treatment of dementia because: they can increase the risk of a person experiencing cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes, and they can make the symptoms of dementia worse. Also, in people who have dementia with Lewy bodies there is evidence that antipsychotics can cause a range of serious side effects, such as: rigidity, immobility, being unable  to perform tasks, being unable  to communicate and,  possibly, sudden death. Antipsychotics are usually only used in cases where there are severe symptoms of challenging and disruptive behaviour that is judged to place you and/or others at risk of harm. They are only used if there is a full discussion between yourself and/or your carer and your care team about the benefits and risks of treatment. Antipsychotics will be prescribed at the lowest dose  possible, and for as short a time as possible. Your health will also need to be carefully monitored  if you are taking antipsychotics. Side effects of antipsychotics can include: drowsiness, shaking, trembling, muscle twitches, spasms, weight gain, blurred vision, constipation, lack of sex drive, and a dry mouth. Preventing Dementia Preventing vascular dementia While it is not possible to prevent all cases of dementia, there are some measures that  can help  prevent vascular dementia, as well as cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and heart attacks.  As experts in treating dementia often say, What is good for your heart is also good for your head. The best ways to prevent vascular dementia are: Eat a healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Get sufficient and regular exercise.   Drink alcohol in moderation. Dont smoke. Diet To help prevent dementia, a low-fat and  high-fibre diet is recommended. This includes plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (five portions a day) and wholegrains. Limit the amount of salt that you eat to no more than  six grams  a day. Too much salt will increase your blood pressure, which puts you at risk of vascular dementia. One teaspoonful of salt is about six grams. Avoid eating foods that are high in saturated fat because this will increase your cholesterol level, which also puts you at risk of vascular dementia. Foods high in saturated fat include: meat pies, sausages and fatty cuts of meat, butter, ghee (clarified butter, often used in Indian cooking), lard, cream, hard cheese, cakes and biscuits, and foods that contain coconut or palm oil. Eating some foods that are high in unsaturated fat can decrease your cholesterol level. Foods high in unsaturated fat include: oily fish, avocados, nuts and seeds, and sunflower, rapeseed and olive oils. Weight Being overweight can increase your blood pressure, which increases the risk of vascular dementia. This  risk is higher if you are obese. The most scientific way to measure your weight is to calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres, squared. In the UK, people with a BMI of between 25 and 30 are overweight, and those with an index above 30 are  obese. People with a BMI of 40 or more are morbidly obese. The best way of tackling obesity is to reduce the amount of calories that you eat, and ensure that you take regular and sufficient exercise. Your GP  can  give you further information and advice about how you can do this. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/bmi_tease.gif Exercise Regular exercise will make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient. It will also  lower your cholesterol level and  keep your blood pressure at a healthy level, all of which will lower your risk of developing vascular dementia. For most people, 30 minutes of vigorous exercise a day, at least five times a week, is recommended. The exercise should be strenuous enough to  make your heart beat faster, and you should feel slightly out of breath afterwards. Examples of vigorous exercise include going for a brisk walk or walking up a hill. Alcohol Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol will cause a rise in your blood pressure, and raise the cholesterol level in your blood. Sticking to the recommended limits for alcohol consumption is the best way to ensure that you reduce the risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia. The recommended daily levels of alcohol consumption are  three to four  units of alcohol for men, and  two to three  units for women. A unit of alcohol is equal to about half a pint of normal strength lager, a small glass of wine or a pub measure (25ml) of spirits. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/do_you_drink_tease.gif Smoking Smoking can cause your arteries to narrow, which can lead to a rise in your blood pressure. It is also a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases, cancer and vascular dementia. The NHS Smoking Helpline offers advice and encouragement to help  you stop smoking. You can call on 0800 022 4332 or visit the NHS Go Smokefree website (see Useful links). Your GP or pharmacist will also be able to give you help and advice about giving up smoking. Preventing other types of dementia There is some evidence that rates of dementia are lower in people who remain as mentally and physically active as possible throughout their lives, and have a wide range of different activities and hobbies. Some activities that may reduce the risk of developing dementia include: reading, writing for pleasure, learning foreign languages, playing musical instruments, taking part in adult education courses, playing tennis, playing golf, swimming, group sports, such as bowling, and walking. There is no evidence that playing brain training computer games reduces the risk of dementia. Dementia (souce,Bupa) reventing vascular dementia While it is not possible to prevent all cases of dementia, there are some measures that  can help  prevent vascular dementia, as well as cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and heart attacks.  As experts in treating dementia often say, What is good for your heart is also good for your head. The best ways to prevent vascular dementia are: Eat a healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Get sufficient and regular exercise.   Drink alcohol in moderation. Dont smoke. Diet To help prevent dementia, a low-fat and  high-fibre diet is recommended. This includes plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (five portions a day) and wholegrains. Limit the amount of salt that you eat to no more than  six grams  a day. Too much salt will increase your blood pressure, which puts you at risk of vascular dementia. One teaspoonful of salt is about six grams. Avoid eating foods that are high in saturated fat because this will increase your cholesterol level, which also puts you at risk of vascular dementia. Foods high in saturated fat include: meat pies, sausages and fatty cuts of meat, butter, ghee (clarified butter, often used in Indian cooking), lard, cream, hard cheese, cakes and biscuits, and foods that contain coconut or palm oil. Eating some foods that are high in unsaturated fat can decrease your cholesterol level. Foods high in unsaturated fat include: oily fish, avocados, nuts and seeds, and sunflower, rapeseed and olive oils. Weight Being overweight can increase your blood pressure, which increases the risk of vascular dementia. This  risk is higher if you are obese. The most scientific way to measure your weight is to calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres, squared. In the UK, people with a BMI of between 25 and 30 are overweight, and those with an index above 30 are  obese. People with a BMI of 40 or more are morbidly obese. The best way of tackling obesity is to reduce the amount of calories that you eat, and ensure that you take regular and sufficient exercise. Your GP  can  give you further information and advice about how you can do this. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/bmi_tease.gif Exercise Regular exercise will make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient. It will also  lower your cholesterol level and  keep your blood pressure at a healthy level, all of which will lower your risk of developing vascular dementia. For most people, 30 minutes of vigorous exercise a day, at least five times a week, is recommended. The exercise should be strenuous enough to  make your heart beat faster, and you should feel slightly out of breath afterwards. Examples of vigorous exercise include going for a brisk walk or walking up a hill. Alcohol Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol will cause a rise in your blood pressure, and raise the cholesterol level in your blood. Sticking to the recommended limits for alcohol consumption is the best way to ensure that you reduce the risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia. The recommended daily levels of alcohol consumption are  three to four  units of alcohol for men, and  two to three  units for women. A unit of alcohol is equal to about half a pint of normal strength lager, a small glass of wine or a pub measure (25ml) of spirits. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/do_you_drink_tease.gif

Lais Of Marie De France :: essays research papers

Literary/Analytical Essay “Romeo and Juliet is a play about two silly, immature teenagers who lack common sense. Therefore, the play expresses the danger of a love in which two people become the whole world to one another.'; To what extent do you agree or disagree? The story of Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy. The two lovers go against their families and against their hate to be together but they don’t think about the consequences, which in the end are devastating.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romeo and Juliet engage in a love that they believe is the one true love. They don’t even know each other and don’t know each others personality so they can only be attracted sexually. Instead of taking things slowly and getting to know each other or on the other hand engage in a type of relationship just to satisfy each others desires they act like they have known each other for a long time and that they can’t live one without the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the start of the play we see that Romeo is in love with Roseline and that he only talks about her but when he meets Juliet at the party he totally forgets Roseline and falls in love with Juliet. Friar Laurence clearly states this to Romeo: “Is Rosaline, whom thou didst love so dear, so soon forsaken? Young men’s love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes';. This is exactly how Romeo behaves. Juliet on the other hand had to marry Count Paris so her love with Romeo is simply a way to get out of it. She never had a relationship with a man and she didn’t like to have her first and only relationship with a man her parents arranged for her. She wanted freedom and Romeo was her ticket to it. During the story Romeo and Juliet convince them selves to be in love with each other and they become obsessed, not with the love for each other, but with the fact of being in love with each other.

Job Workforce Shifts

From 1900 to 1999 the United States has witnessed a major workforce shift that is still evolving today and Human Resource Managers are playing even a bigger role within companies today. With the competitive market environment today, Human Resource Managers need to keep evolving with and roll with the many changes within the workforce. Company’s big or small better realize that they are playing a more strategic role in the success of their organization. Local and globally company’s Human Resource departments must become adaptable, agile, employee focused and resilient to remain completive within our economy today. Not only are these professionals a huge part of a company’s success, they are an employee’s partner, sponsor, and their mentor embedded within your organization. There is no doubt that America’s workforce is in a much situation and better off in 1999 verses 1900. From the beginning of 1900, the American workforce witnesses an in creditable period where they saw their wages beginning to raise, personnel benefits grow, and working conditions improved. When the workforce is compared from the beginning to today you can see the numerous changes. For example, in the last 100 years, America’s workforce has increased approximately six fold. In the 1900 the workforce was estimated at roughly 24 million that also included kids at the age of 10 and above gainfully employed. Now fast forward to 1999, the workforce was estimated at 139 million with the ages of 16 and older gainfully employed. Not only are these numbers impressive but workplace, compensation, composition, and the very nature of work changed in those past 100 years. During the shift, the composition of America’s labor force changed from an industrial dominated production occupations, like foresters, farmers, to those dominated by technical, service, and professional workers. A great example would be our farmers, at the turn of the century 38 percent of America’s labor force where farmers compared to the end of the century where there were barely 3 percent of our labor force where farmers. Our worked shift in other ways too, like the female workforce saw a huge spike from just 19 percent in 1900, to 60 percent by 1999. No more of the wife staying home raising the kids and running the home while their husband worked. Women now have entered the labor workforce in great numbers. During the great depression many families needed income in order to survive and child labor was very common during the turn of the century. In 1900 there were estimated 1. 75 million kids within the labor force ranging from the age of 10 to 15. Child labor at this time represented about 6 percent of the labor force. In contrast, by 1999, our Federal and State law regulated child labor and Federal laws today prohibit full time workers under the age of 16. By the end of the 20th century, additional wages and benefits comprised a major portion of an employee compensation package. In 1900 benefits where very minimal at best, during the course of the 20th century, working conditions, wages, and benefits have kept trending to the more positive side. Another major shift in the workforce in the past 100 years dealt with the demographics of the population. Not only has the life expectancy changed from 47 years in 1900 to 77 years by 1999, but the population has aged, they are more diverse, and grew dramatically. The population at the beginning of the 20th century was estimated at 76 million to 280 million by 1999. Because of these numerous workforce shifts, today these shifts can be felt by human resource managers today. Human Resource Managers today must be business driven and play a big part within their company’s big or small. They must understand their company’s vision and mission statement to be able to influence major decisions and policies. The workplace now is so diversity the human resource manager must be able to manage the body of talent that will bring new innovative ideas, perspectives, and views to their work. Today human resource professionals must learn how to manage effectively through planning, controlling, leading, and organizing the human resource while being flexible and willingly to adapt for the good of the organization or company they represent.

Dss Leadership Paper

I believe this is one area Davit is very effective in conveying to its teammates. Davit's mission is â€Å"To be the Provider. Partner and Employer of Choice. † Everywhere I have visited within the Village I have seen this mission be the corner stone of what Davit is all about. The teammates really take pride in what they do. They understand that patient outcomes are very important yet management does not forget the importance of professional development, teammate Incentive programs and work environment, all related to being the Employer of Choice.This information has been backed up by organizations like Training Magazine's â€Å"Top 125† which Davit ranked #1 for national health care service provider for its employee training programs. One thing that fits for me in is the statement in the book that states, â€Å"If an action we're are considering doesn't support our mission, either directly or indirectly, we don't do It. † This Is something I plan to live by and really make sure the decisions I make are the Davit way and they fit within our mission and core values.The book states that Santa runs a productive ND he Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus, is written by Eric Harvey, David Cottrell, AY Lucia and Mike Harridan. There are eight main points or Santa Secrets Running head: The Leadership Secrets 3 happy place in spite of the intense pressures and challenges they face. This is exactly the work environment we face within Davit. The environment on the floor Is Intense and the pressure to meet our goals in enormous yet I have fun doing it.I enjoy trying to figure out new ways to improve what we do which leads me to the next secret. Another secret the book discusses is â€Å"Listen to the Elves. † In this chapter the author discusses the importance of inviting participation from the team. The author also encourages the reader to notice how others perceive them and to spend some time walking In their teammates shoes. This Is one area w here I think I can really be an effective leader within Davit. 1 OFF started working as a technical on ten moor Ana 010 so Tort auto one Ana anal years before advancing to an FAA.Even though I have only been with Davit a short amount f time it has allowed me to understand what a technician or nurse goes through working on the floor. I by no means have all the answers and still consider myself a new tech but it has given me a foundation to grow on. I have seen managers outside of Davit and within Davit implement change without first discussing the change with the entire team and I believe that is what this section is all about. Getting you team involved in the decision making process.I think a great example how this process works is when other staff members get involved in all aspects of patient care. For example when our Anemia Manager, asks the clinicians what might have caused a patients Homoerotic to drop; or when our FAA asks us how we want to adjust our patient schedule and the n Running head: The Leadership Secrets 4 chips in during turnover to make the day a little easier; and when our nurses ask the Techs how their day is going and willingly lend a hand with patient care. These are Just some of the examples of how we listen to each other as a team.Conclusion This is a very good book and in the interest of peeping this paper short I will conclude here. I believe these concepts discussed in the book are a great start not Just for the management aspect of business but for our personal lives as well. This book is like no other leadership book I have read and really puts an interesting twist to leadership which makes the book fun to read. It will make for a great reference to look back on. Thank you! Running head: The Leadership Secrets 5 References Cottrell David. (2003). The Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus. Performance Systems Corporation.